The document of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith entitled “Instruction on the Ecclesial Vocation of the Theologian” discusses the ecclesial mission of a Catholic theologian and their attitude toward the Magisterium of the Church. The document states: “Even when collaboration takes place under the best conditions, the possibility cannot be excluded that tensions may arise between the theologian and the Magisterium” (no 25). A story of two contemporary Catholic theologians: Fr. Peter Phan from the Diocese of Dallas in the USA and Fr. Jacques Dupuis, a Jesuit, who lectured at the Gregorian University in Rome, is an example of such tensions. The first part of the article depicts the story of their relations with the teaching office of the Church. The second part presents their theologies regarding religious pluralism which they were asked by the Magisterium to explain. The thesis of the article is based on the statement that the attitude of a Catholic theologian to the Magisterium should be characterized by courage and humility. Both theologians are characterized by such courage, but it is humility that is required as well to keep up the dialogue with the Magisterium.