Border protection is a key element of any state, affecting its sovereignty, security and stability. Many constitutions in the world contain precise provisions on border protection, defining the rules and rights related to the control of the territory. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland regulates the basic objectives of the state, which are to protect the independence and inviolability of the territory, to ensure freedom and human and civil rights. The aim of the article is to analyse the problem of protecting the state border of the Republic of Poland in the face of contemporary threats to the security and defence of the country.