The article examines the topic of food in Chinese and Ukrainian languages. The subject of the study is the concepts of rice and bread, which are most important for the Chinese and Ukrainians. For the most part, in this article, these concepts are considered in idioms, since they are part of the language which is one of the main factors of the existence of any nation and its culture. The concepts of rice and bread are analysed here by comparing proverbs and sayings of the two studied languages. The relevance of the article lies in the comparison of sayings of the two cultures that seem almost opposite from one another, based on the principle of similarity in their message and content. The carried out work expanded the understanding of the role of rice and bread, and in general the role of food in Chinese culture in comparison with the perception of food by Ukrainians.