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Vol. 113 (2010): Our Past

Articles

Cathedral processions on the streets of 19th-century Krakow (1795-1918)

  • Szymon Fedorowicz
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52204/np.2010.113.67-106  [Google Scholar]
Published: 2010-06-30

Abstract

At the beginning of the 19th century, for several hundred years before the partitions of Poland, there was a very rich program of cathedral processions in Krakow. On penitential days, there were processions to three churches - the Dominicans, the Franciscans and the church of the Blessed Virgin Mary. Processions in honor of St Stanisław were held at the church on Skałka. It was similar in the octave of his feast and the following Sunday, as well as during the Corpus Christi procession. In the mentioned period, sources talk about processions from the Wawel Cathedral to the church of St Mark and the church of St. Florian, as well as several other occasional processions. The Corpus Christi processions are the best documented. The cited descriptions and source information show that 19th-century Krakow residents were very attached to religious traditions. This attachment was manifested in the zealous celebration of services with processions and the participation of crowds. If we limit ourselves to a simple observation of the central ceremonies celebrated under the leadership of the bishop, it is easy to see the scale of this fashion. The scope of the multifaceted enthusiasm of believers from virtually every social group. However, if the praiseworthy zeal of the participants really constituted a pledge of their authentic faith, it did not always find appropriate forms to express their spiritual feelings. As a result, authentic expressions of religious sentiment were often mixed with secular and worldly excesses. There was a contradiction resulting from the desire to include everything that constituted everyday life into the stream of eternity. These processions have always been a model of popular piety. They gave the faithful great freedom in expressing their religiosity. This phenomenon can be seen in accounts and descriptions of processions in Krakow in the 19th century. These processions were also a sign of the continuous growth of Poles' Christian faith.

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