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Wrocławski Przegląd Teologiczny

Bd. 33 Nr. 2 (2025): A Tribute to Thomas Aquinas

Systematische Theologie

Did Christ Enjoy the Beatific Vision on Earth? Testing the Soteriological Hypothesis of Thomas Aquinas

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52097/wpt.10261  [Google Scholar]
Veröffentlicht: 2025-12-31

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to test Thomas Aquinas’s firm conviction that Jesus Christ enjoyed the direct beatific vision of his Father while on earth. The first part presents the variety of objections that may be raised to this hypothesis: the suggestion of a Monophysite Christology; the prejudice against the authentic exercise of Jesus’s human freedom and conscious obedience; the impression that Christ did not live by faith like the rest of humanity. The second part offers an overview of Aquinas’s texts and teaching on this issue. St Thomas does not deal extensively with the complex anthropological outworkings of a possible earth-bound beatific vision; rather, he starts with the theological argument, referring to the fundamental principle that Jesus Christ is the only Savior of humanity and thus the mediator of all the gifts of grace that God gives humans, including that of beatific vision. This part concludes with the anthropological consequences – since Jesus is the Savior and not the saved, Aquinas explains that the vision was present in him from the moment of the Incarnation; otherwise he would have received it as a reward for his fidelity. In the final third part, we attempt to explain, taking into account present-day Biblical and Patristic exegesis, to what degree beatific vision (1) renders faith unnecessary in Jesus, yet (2) affirms his true freedom and obedience in spite of the suffering that took place on the Cross.

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