Abstract
In July 2016. The European Commission, citing experience with refugee resettlement, proposed a legislative proposal to create an EU resettlement policy framework and build a common and more coordinated approach to allowing those needing international protection to come to the EU safely and legally. This raised the question of whether, indeed, the EU resettlement initiatives of the years preceding the proposal, i.e. from 2003 to 2016, had allowed for relevant experience and, at the same time, confirmed the need for the EU to build a permanent refugee resettlement mechanism. Accordingly, the analysis in the article covers the EU Regional Protection Programmes of 2005, the ad hoc refugee resettlement programmes, with a special focus on the Iraqi programmes in 2007; the EU-wide resettlement programme of 2009, the extension and protection programmes of 2013; the first pilot EU-wide resettlement programme of 2015, the Valletta Joint Action Programme and finally the EU–Turkey Deal resettlement programme of 2016. The aim of the article is also to determine whether the EU resettlement initiatives from 2003 to 2016 fulfilled the two essential functions of resettlement, i.e. whether they can be considered as an instrument for the protection of refugees whose fundamental rights are at risk in the country of asylum, and whether they aimed to provide these refugees with a durable solution to their situation. A historical-legal method was used to achieve the research objectives. It will enable the approach of the Member States and the EU to resettlement to be shown from the perspective of a historical process. It will consequently allow the different elements of this approach to be isolated or concretised and its temporal determinants to be revealed.
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