The article deals with the concept of anti-proverb, the main stages of its development and research as a linguistic phenomenon. The problem of studying and lexicographical representation of anti-proverbs in the modern Belarusian language is determined. The history of development, composition, main areas of usage, thematic groups, varieties of prototypes (source texts), the most productive methods of derivation, connection with the content of the source text, structural types and variant forms of Belarusian anti-proverbs are described.