
The article aims to analyze metaphors and phraseological expressions related to the lexemes cattle in Polish and скот [skot] in Russian. The study examines the negative image of humans shaped by metaphors and multi-word expressions containing the aforementioned zoolexemes. The focus is on the semantic evolution of these terms and their functioning in contemporary discourse. The article utilizes data from historical and contemporary lexicographic sources. Based on this data, it is demonstrated that the words cattle and скот have evolved from neutral terms referring to farm animals into anthropomorphic meanings used to degrade human character.
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