In Europe, the XIX century was a period of wars, falls of great empires and history-making socio-economic transformations. In this time China was being progressively colonized. Exterritorial railways of Eastern China was built whose central point was the town of Harbin. The railways were officially erected on the 16th of May 1898 by a Polish engineer Adam Szydłowski. Polish colony in Manguria survived for 50 years. Around 1920 the number of residents who came from historical territory of Polish Republic exceeded 20 000. It was a well-organized, enterprising community which cared for national traditions. Its outstanding representatives did not solely belong to railway industry. The community had such members among its ranks as Teodor Parnicki – creator of experimental historical novel, prof. Juliusz Samujłło – founding father of Polish underground mines and Janusz Korczak. Church became the most important center of Polish immigrants’ life. A material statue of the community’s presence in the region is a bridge on the Sungari river designed by Stanisław Kierbedź – an overseer of Eastern China railways. A silent signum temporis of the community’s life was the fate of Polish cemetery in Harbin devastated and scorched by Red Army. Today there is an entertainment spot in this place – advertised by a ferris wheel.