The article attempts to describe ritual murder trials in Red Ruthenia (Bełsk and Ruthenian voivodeships), Podolia and Ukraine west of the Dnieper (Chernikhov and Kiev voivodeships) in the 16th–18th centuries. Data from 1765 indicate that people lived in this area 207,413 Jews, i.e. almost half of Polish Jews. The earliest ritual murder trial took place in 1595 (Sawin, Chełm County). In the first half of the 17th century, trials took place in Husiatyn (1623) and Przemyśl (1646-1647). Anti-Jewish sentiments intensified, expressed in pogroms and riots, in the second half of the 17th and early 18th centuries, but most ritual murder trials took place in the second half of the 18th century (Dunajgród 1748, Żytomierz 1753, Przemyśl 1759 and Krasnystaw 1761).