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Nasza Przeszłość

Vol. 81 (1994): Our Past

Articles

Polish emigration in Estonia in 1918-1939

  • Ryszard Fyda
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52204/np.1994.81.211-258  [Google Scholar]
Published: 1994-06-30

Abstract

Poland's contacts with Estonia date back to the 16th century. These bonds, already strengthened by their common fate during national captivity, took on a new dimension after 1918 through concluded intergovernmental treaties. There were 2,000 to 3,000 Poles living in Estonia, of which about 1,000 people were in permanent emigration. Seasonal emigration developed intensively, focusing on Estonian agriculture (3 to 4 thousand people per year) and oil shale mining (700 to 800 people per year). Polish emigrants founded the following organizations: Polish association "Jutrzenka" (1928), Polish Cultural and Educational Society in Dorpat, National Union of Poles in Estonia (1930), Estonian-Polish Society, National Union of Poles "Jutrzenka" (1932), District "Pszczółka" "Union of Polish Miners (1936). The Polish scout movement was also active. Catholic Christians constituted 0.2% of Estonia's population and were mostly of Polish origin. In 1939, the following pastors worked in Estonia: bishop, diocesan priest, Capuchins, Jesuits, Societies of Christ, missionary sisters of the Holy Family, missionary sisters of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Jesus, sisters of the Congregation of the Immaculate Virgin.

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