The interdisciplinarity of logopedics and drawing knowledge from medicine, linguistics, psychology and pedagogy make it possible to look at syntax – a subject of interest of linguistics and logopedics – from a new, neurosyntactic and neurostructural perspective. In the traditional approach, syntax – as an element of linguistic competence, and hence, a mental unit, is a subsystem of language that allows the combination smaller components into sequences governed by particular grammar rules. The methodology of speech therapy provides practitioners with strategies thanks to which they can programme and rebuild syntactic competence. On the basis of neurostructural research, it has become possible to distinguish several areas of the brain that are responsible for processing syntax, which implies a completely new therapeutic approach in the science concerning speech disorders.