Gottlob Frege (1848–1925) was mainly a mathematician who wanted to reinforce this discipline on philosophical ground. The starting point was the analysis of the language of mathematics, but his interests focused on natural language. Nowadays he is not famous as mathematician but rather as a philosopher of language, and he deserves the title of the father of this discipline. His writings are widely recognized by philosophers and linguists as seminal papers in philosophy of language His achievements were appreciated mainly by British analytic philosophers who dealt with the analysis of language. In the paper I focus on the part of Frege’s legacy that is still vivid in philosophy of language and modern linguistics. I particularly analyze mathematical inspiration of Frege’s semantics and the consequences of its application to natural language. Then I focus on the relation of semantic notions introduced by Frege with a rather unclear notion of linguistic meaning, and indicate the problems that appear if Frege’s semantics is to be applied to natural language. I briefly present the current directions in the natural language analysis that tend to overcome the problems generated by Fregean theory.