The article is an overview of polychrome architectural sculpture in Polish Cistercian churches in Jędrzejów, Sulejów, Wąchock, Koprzywnica, Mogila, Trzebnica and Rudy Raciborskie. Romanesque polychrome in all these churches was based on three basic colors: red, white and black. Laboratory analyzes of polychromes, sculptures and architectural details from Trzebnica, Sulejów and Łekno resulted in the expansion and verification of knowledge about polychromes of the earliest and later phases. The original, basic color of the interiors of the abbey in Trzebnica was red. It was spread, retaining its value, on white-polished stone surfaces, splashes of dark red superimposed on a layer of light red allowing the painter to achieve effects of light and shadow. Pigments typical of those times were used: vermilion, minium and iron red. Red was sometimes mixed with ochre. Green and blue can only be found in later repaints. Analyzes of the polychrome keystones, vaults and pillars of the Sulejów church revealed traces of white (chalk), black (plant fiber) and red (minia). Laboratory analyzes of medieval stonework in Łekno showed the presence of yellow and red in two shades on top of a white chalk base. However, the results of the case studies conducted so far do not allow generalizations about the polychromy of Cistercian churches throughout Poland. Any such generalizations would have to be preceded by research elsewhere.