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Nasza Przeszłość

Vol. 85 (1996): Our Past

Articles

Studies in the Lesser Poland Province of the Reformed Franciscans 1623-1865

  • Henryk Błażkiewicz
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52204/np.1996.85.99-136  [Google Scholar]
Published: 1996-06-30

Abstract

"Fratres minores strictioris observantiae", called reformers, came to Poland in 1622. The following year, they created two custodies: Lesser Poland and Greater Poland, which became provinces in 1639. Since monks were forbidden to study at universities or general studies, the Reformed monks organized studies in their own religious houses. The organization of studies, the doctrine taught and teaching methods were regulated by the statutes of the Custody of 1629 and 1638 and the provincial statutes of 1643 and 1747. Candidates admitted after graduating from the parish school learned Latin, rhetoric, asceticism and mysticism in accordance with the teachings of St. Bonaventure. Then they studied the philosophy of Duns Scotus for three years, and finally speculative-moral theology for three years - four from 1696. The scholastic teaching method included lectures, evening discussions on the material presented, and Saturday discussions. Before the first partition of Poland in 1772, the number of monks in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship was 438 (including 78 students) in 18 monasteries. At that time, dogmatic theology was taught in three monasteries, moral theology in two, canon law and liberal arts in one, and philosophy in four. All teachers took exams before members of the provincial authorities, and among them were famous theologians and religious writers, including: Benedykt Bułakowski (1585-1654), Franciszek Rychłowski (1611-1673), Chryzostom Dobrosielski (1605-1676), Antoni Węgrzynowicz (1657-1721), Florian Jaroszewicz (1684-1771) and Stanisław Kleczewski (1714-1776).

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