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Wrocławski Przegląd Teologiczny

Tom 33 Nr 2 (2025): A Tribute to Thomas Aquinas

Teologia systematyczna

Teologia sensów Pisma Świętego według Josepha Ratzingera i Tomasza z Akwinu

DOI: https://doi.org/10.52097/wpt.10298  [Google Scholar]
Opublikowane: 31.12.2025

Abstrakt

Joseph Ratzinger uznawał doktrynę czterech sensów Pisma Świętego, choć reinterpretował ją w nowym kontekście. Z uznaniem, a zarazem krytycznie odwoływał się do pojmowania sensów Pisma Świętego przez Tomasza z Akwinu, zwłaszcza podkreślał wagę przykładaną do sensu dosłownego w średniowiecznej hermeneutyce biblijnej. W artykule zaprezentowano rozumienie sensów biblijnych przez Ratzingera i Tomasza z Akwinu. Szczególny akcent został położony na fundamentalne założenia, przede wszystkim teologiczne, obu podejść. Podjęto kwestię związku sensu duchowego z dosłownym, relację między autorstwem boskim i ludzkim, związek między Starym a Nowym Testamentem. Zwrócono także uwagę na chrystologiczno-pneumatologiczną i teleologiczną interpretację Pisma, rozumienie historii zbawienia oraz na właściwości ludzkiego języka, w którym wypowiedziane zostało słowo Boże. Mocno wybrzmiała także konieczność przechodzenia od litery do ducha tekstów natchnionych. Badania rozpoczęto od spuścizny bawarskiego teologa, by na podstawie uzyskanych wyników uporządkować następnie myśl Doktora Anielskiego. Pozwoliło to uwypuklić zarówno podobieństwa, jak i różnice między ujęciem obu uczonych.

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